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Ink is a liquid containing various pigments and/or dyes used for coloring a surface to render an image or text. Ink manufacturing is a complex chemical-industrial process. Ink manufactures take into account dozens of factors, including color, opacity, transparency, brilliance, lightfastness, surface hardness, pliability, wet-ability, purity, and odorlessness." The materials used by ink manufactures for low-speed letterpress printing (the process usually used in book production) are carbon black, a heavy varnish, and a drier to reduce the drying time. Most pen inks incorporate those three main ingredients in different ratios. Intaglio (i.e. cartoon) inks are composed of petroleum naphthas, resins, and coal-tar solvents. These ink manufacturing materials can be purchased wholesale.
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